What are the gospels?
The Gospels are biography, but they are theological interpretations of the life of Jesus Christ with the purpose of proclaiming the coming of the king of Israel and the inauguration of His kingdom over all the earth.
When read this way, we are enabled to read the gospel in the Gospels as the announcement of the fulfillment of the prophets' promises. Among their promises were that a king would come to Israel, as the Lord promised to Abram (Gen. 17:6), to Judah (Gen. 49:10), to David (2 Sam. 7:12-13), and to the people of God through Solomon's song (Ps. 72) and Zechariah's prophecy (Zech. 9:9). When this king would come, He would usher in a kingdom of peace for all nations (Isa. 2:2-4, 9:1-7). We see this coming king and His kingdom in living color in the Gospel narratives.
The entrance of the king and His kingdom is expressed in the birth narrative of our Lord. In the genealogy of Jesus He is described as the "son of David" (Matt. 1:1). The fourteen generations from Abraham to David moved towards the great king and kingdom of Israel (1:2-6), while the fourteen generations from David to Babylon moved away from that glorious king's kingdom (1:7-11). With the coming of Jesus the fourteen generations from Babylon to Christ are a restoration of the Davidic kingship and kingdom (1:12-16). The true identity of this baby boy is shown by the travels of the "wise men from the east" (2:1) who traveled to find "he who has been born king of the Jews" in order "to worship him" (2:2).
John heralded this king's coming, preaching, "The kingdom of heaven is at hand" (3:2), while our Lord's own preaching in the synagogue was characterized by an announcement of His kingdom (4:17). Throughout His ministry Jesus preached the "gospel of the kingdom" (4:23, 9:35; Luke 16:16), a phrase that means that the kingdom is the subject of the gospel. Our Lord preached His parables to communicate to His disciples "the secrets of the kingdom of heaven" (Matt. 13:11 see also vv. 19, 24, 31, 33, 38, 41-45, 47, 52). Jesus used His identity as king to confound the Pharisees, asking them: "'What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?' They said to Him, 'The son of David'" (22:42). Jesus then pointed out that in Psalm 110, David, "in the Spirit, calls him [the Christ] Lord, saying, 'The Lord said to my Lord'" (Matt. 22:43-44a). Jesus' conclusion was masterful, leaving the Pharisees speechless: "If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?" (22:45).
Even the passion narrative is all about the king and His kingdom, not the sad ending of a biography. When the high priest Caiaphas interrogated Jesus, he said, "Tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God" (26:63). Jesus answered, "You have said so. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven" (26:64). Yet this king would first suffer mocking: "Hail, King of the Jews," having a scarlet robe placed on His back, a crown of thorns placed on His head, and a reed placed in His hand (27:28-29). Even above His head was placed a placard: "This is Jesus, the King of the Jews" (27:37). Yet as John's gospel makes clear, through humiliation our Lord experienced exaltation: "And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself" (John 12:32).
Of course, our Lord's resurrection is the most powerful proof of His kingship and kingdom gospel: "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me" (Matt. 28:18). The reason for this, as James said at the Jerusalem Council, was that the resurrection was the raising up of the fallen tent of David (Acts 15:13-18; see Amos 9:11-12). The king has come and has established His kingdom as the prophets foretold.
What should this way of reading the Gospels do to us?
When read this way, we are enabled to read the gospel in the Gospels as the announcement of the fulfillment of the prophets' promises. Among their promises were that a king would come to Israel, as the Lord promised to Abram (Gen. 17:6), to Judah (Gen. 49:10), to David (2 Sam. 7:12-13), and to the people of God through Solomon's song (Ps. 72) and Zechariah's prophecy (Zech. 9:9). When this king would come, He would usher in a kingdom of peace for all nations (Isa. 2:2-4, 9:1-7). We see this coming king and His kingdom in living color in the Gospel narratives.
The entrance of the king and His kingdom is expressed in the birth narrative of our Lord. In the genealogy of Jesus He is described as the "son of David" (Matt. 1:1). The fourteen generations from Abraham to David moved towards the great king and kingdom of Israel (1:2-6), while the fourteen generations from David to Babylon moved away from that glorious king's kingdom (1:7-11). With the coming of Jesus the fourteen generations from Babylon to Christ are a restoration of the Davidic kingship and kingdom (1:12-16). The true identity of this baby boy is shown by the travels of the "wise men from the east" (2:1) who traveled to find "he who has been born king of the Jews" in order "to worship him" (2:2).
John heralded this king's coming, preaching, "The kingdom of heaven is at hand" (3:2), while our Lord's own preaching in the synagogue was characterized by an announcement of His kingdom (4:17). Throughout His ministry Jesus preached the "gospel of the kingdom" (4:23, 9:35; Luke 16:16), a phrase that means that the kingdom is the subject of the gospel. Our Lord preached His parables to communicate to His disciples "the secrets of the kingdom of heaven" (Matt. 13:11 see also vv. 19, 24, 31, 33, 38, 41-45, 47, 52). Jesus used His identity as king to confound the Pharisees, asking them: "'What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?' They said to Him, 'The son of David'" (22:42). Jesus then pointed out that in Psalm 110, David, "in the Spirit, calls him [the Christ] Lord, saying, 'The Lord said to my Lord'" (Matt. 22:43-44a). Jesus' conclusion was masterful, leaving the Pharisees speechless: "If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?" (22:45).
Even the passion narrative is all about the king and His kingdom, not the sad ending of a biography. When the high priest Caiaphas interrogated Jesus, he said, "Tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God" (26:63). Jesus answered, "You have said so. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven" (26:64). Yet this king would first suffer mocking: "Hail, King of the Jews," having a scarlet robe placed on His back, a crown of thorns placed on His head, and a reed placed in His hand (27:28-29). Even above His head was placed a placard: "This is Jesus, the King of the Jews" (27:37). Yet as John's gospel makes clear, through humiliation our Lord experienced exaltation: "And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself" (John 12:32).
Of course, our Lord's resurrection is the most powerful proof of His kingship and kingdom gospel: "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me" (Matt. 28:18). The reason for this, as James said at the Jerusalem Council, was that the resurrection was the raising up of the fallen tent of David (Acts 15:13-18; see Amos 9:11-12). The king has come and has established His kingdom as the prophets foretold.
What should this way of reading the Gospels do to us?
First, it ought to cause us to read the Gospels with more urgency, for the king has come and His kingdom is at hand. Mark's characteristic word, immediately, shows us the force of reading and coming to grips with its message (1:12, 18, 21, 23, 29, 42).
Second, since the Gospels are not mere biographies, they are not to be read from afar, as if they were only stories of what happened "long ago, far, far away." We are to participate in these narratives by faith: "Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of the disciples, which are not written in this book; but these are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name" (John 20:30-31).
Third, preachers need to preach the Gospels not as historic artifacts, as principles for victorious Christian living, nor as window dressing in Holy Week services, but as urgent accounts of the inauguration of an everlasting kingdom that our king has established in this world. Ministers must preach the gospel from the Gospels and not turn them into new laws.
